肿瘤厌食是指肿瘤患者进食欲望下降，引起食物摄取减少和（或）体重丢失。肿瘤患者极易发生厌食，导致患 者生活质量下降、治疗耐受性下降，影响疗效及增加死亡风险。因此， 正确认识、评估及干预厌食在肿瘤治疗中不可或缺。 本文从肿瘤厌食的发生机制、诊断评估、治疗、随访等方面对其进行阐述。肿瘤厌食与肿瘤疾病因素、各种抗肿瘤治疗不 良反应所引起的胃肠道功能紊乱、胃排空延迟、吸收不良等相关。肿瘤组织向循环系统释放引起厌食的活性物质或肿瘤本 身诱导患者代谢异常致使宿主组织释放抑制食欲因子。依据相关症状如味觉改变、恶心、早饱，结合食欲相关症状的量表（常 用的有“基于症状评估”问卷法和视觉模拟类似物测量法）进行诊断，并对营养状况、肿瘤学特征、心理全面评估。营养 状况评估推荐使用PG-SGA 法评估，遵循营养不良三级诊断模式。心理评估包含观察、访谈和心理测验三方面，推荐使用 症状自评量表法（SCL-90）。治疗目的是改善肿瘤患者进食状态，改善营养不良临床表现，保证肿瘤患者能量及营养素的 摄取，提高机体免疫力及抗肿瘤治疗耐受力。治疗需多模式，包括抗肿瘤，对症治疗和消除厌食因素，刺激食欲及针对炎 性因子药物治疗，营养代谢疗法及肠功能调节，运动及心理情绪调节的多种疗法。厌食患者需定期随访评估，包括实验室参数、 营养状况、肿瘤学等指标，根据随访情况予以指导或调整治疗。

 Cancer-related anorexia is defined as decreased desire to eat, resulting in reduced food intake and/or weight loss. Anorexia is prone to occur in patients with cancer, leading to reduced quality of life, decreased treatment tolerance, reduced the effect of treatment and increased risk of mortality. Therefore, correct understanding, evaluation and intervention of CA are indispensable in the treatment of cancer. In this review, the pathogenesis of anorexia tumor, diagnosis, evaluation, treatment and follow-up were discussed. Cancer anorexia is closely related to factors of tumor disease, gastrointestinal dysfunction, delayed gastric emptying, and poor absorption caused by tumor or various adverse reactions of anti-tumor treatment. Tumor tissue releases the active substances that cause anorexia into the circulatory system or the tumor itself induces metabolic abnormalities that cause the host tissue to release appetite suppressor factors. Accurate assessment of CA is based on related symptoms such as change in taste, nausea, early enough, combined with the appetite symptoms scale (commonly used with “symptom-based assessment” questionnaire and the visual analogue scale for diagnosis, and comprehensive evaluations of nutrition status, oncology and psychology. The PG-SGA method is recommended for nutritional assessment, following the triple diagnosis model of malnutrition. Psychological evaluation contains observation, interview, and psychological tests. The symptom checklist (SCL-90) is recommended. The purpose of the treatment is to improve the eating status and clinical manifestations of malnutrition, ensure the uptake of energy and nutrients in cancer patients, and improve patients’ immunity and the tolerance of anti-tumor treatments. Treatment needs more than one mode, including antitumor/ symptomatic treatment and the elimination of anorexia, stimulates the appetite and drug treatment for inflammatory factor, nutritional metabolic therapy and bowel function adjustment, exercise and psychological emotion regulation of a variety of treatments. Patients with CA need regular follow-up and evaluation, including laboratory parameters, nutritional status, oncology and other indicators. Guidance and treatment will be adjusted according to the follow-up situation.