胆道系统恶性肿瘤在世界范围内虽然不算常见，但其发病率逐年上升，且恶性程度较高。我国胆道系统恶性肿瘤 的发病率也有逐年上升的趋势。胆管癌患者的预后均很差，因此，胆道系统恶性肿瘤的姑息和支持治疗尤为重要，其主要目的 是尽可能地提高生活质量、延长生存时间。肝门部胆管癌患者术后早期进食能够有效减少感染、腹胀和尿潴留等并发症的发 生，加快患者术后康复。胆道恶性肿瘤营养治疗途径的选择原则与其他恶性肿瘤基本一致，但也有其特点:①胆道手术多限于 上消化道，空肠以下肠管受影响较小。②对于术前存在营养不良，特别是合并中度以上梗阻性黄疸的患者，建议经口或经鼻空 肠置管或者经T形管空肠置管途径肠内营养。③对于肝功能储备较差、行较大范围肝切除或严重梗阻性黄疸的患者，应积极 行胆道内支架引流或行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术进行胆道减压，尽快改善肝功能，促进营养物质代谢吸收。④经皮肝穿刺胆道 引流（PTCD）是临床广泛应用的治疗恶性胆道梗阻的方法。

Although biliary tract Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology malignancy is not common in the world, its incidence is increasing year by year and its malignancy is high. The incidence of biliary tract malignancy in China is also increasing year by year. The prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma is poor. Therefore, the palliative and supportive treatments of malignant tumors of the biliary tract system are particularly important, with the main purpose of improving the quality of life and extending the survival time as much as possible. The malignant tumor palliative biliary system and nutrition treatment is particularly important. Its main purpose is to improve the quality of life as much as possible, to prolong survival time. Early postoperative feeding in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma can effectively reduce the incidence of complications such as abdominal distention and urinary retention, and accelerate postoperative rehabilitation of patients. The principle of selection of nutritional treatment approaches for biliary tract malignant tumors is basically the same as that for other malignant tumors, but it also has its characteristics:1. biliary tract surgery is mostly limited to the upper digestive tract, and the intestinal canal below the jejunum is less affected. 2. For patients with preoperative malnutrition, especially those with moderate or above obstructive jaundice, enteral nutrition through oral or nasojejunal catheterization or through T⁃tube jejunal catheterization is recommended. For patients with poor liver function reserve and extensive hepatectomy or severe obstructive jaundice, biliary stent drainage or percutaneous hepatocentesis biliary drainage should be actively performed for biliary decompression, so as to improve liver function as soon as possible and promote the metabolism and absorption of nutrients. 4.PTCD is a method widely used in clinical treatment of malignant biliary obstruction