肠道菌群多指生活在人体小肠、结肠和盲肠的细菌群，种类超过1000种，基因数目超过人体100倍，是人体已知最 大的微生物群，与宿主的代谢健康密切相关。基因功能注释和代谢组学的成熟和推广，丰富了宿主与微生物组间的探索维度。 抗生素影响肠道菌群组成和抗生素耐药基因负荷，抗生素使用后肠道菌群形成新的稳态，干扰疾病和治疗进程，并与个体所处 的生长发育时期、抗生素种类和使用时长有关。菌群多样性和特性的细菌种类可能影响抗生素使用后肠道菌群的恢复。此 外，粪菌移植和益生菌补充用于抗生素干扰后肠道菌群的恢复尚无明确证据。“粪菌”和“肠道菌群”不能完全等价、小样本量和 难以控制的混杂因素是目前研究存在的主要不足，代谢组学的“归类”作用或将帮助解答上述问题。综上，本文就人体肠道菌 群与抗生素应用的研究进展展开综述。

Gut microbiome is the largest known microorganism in human body, which is closely related to the metabolic health of the host. The maturity and popularization of gene function annotation and metabolomics have enriched the exploration dimension between host and microbiome. Antibiotics affect the composition of gut microbiome and the load of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). After the use of antibiotics, gut microbiome forms a new homeostasis, which interferes with the process of disease and treatment. There is no clear evidence that fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) and probiotic supplement can be used to restore gut microbiome after antibiotic disturbance. This paper reviews the research progress of human gut microbiome and the application of antibiotics.