食管癌是我国高发肿瘤之一，发病率高、存活率低。食管癌由于自身的生理功能及解剖位置，营养不良的发生率比 其他部位肿瘤更高。对食管癌患者进行营养治疗有诸多好处，如减少术后并发症，加速术后康复，维持体重，减缓骨骼肌丢失， 降低围手术期营养不良患者的死亡率等。对食管癌患者常规给予营养治疗，患者难以从中获益，但如果食管癌患者已经出现 了中至重度吞咽梗阻或体重下降或营养风险或营养不良且预计3~5 d内进食量不能达到需要量的60%以上，就应该对其启用 营养治疗，应该早期及时给予患者营养治疗，可能改善其营养状况，并且降低临床不良结局的发生率，甚至使患者生存获益。 食管癌患者的营养治疗率不高，且营养治疗方式、给予治疗的时间窗及时长尚无统一定论。本文综述了食管癌患者的营养状 况、营养治疗状况，以及营养治疗对临床效果，特别是免疫治疗对食管癌患者的影响，旨在改善食管癌患者的临床结局提供临 床参考。

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers in China with its high incidence rate and low survival rate. Hence, among all esophageal cancer patients, the incidence of malnutrition is higher than any other types of cancer because of its physiological function and anatomical position. Medical nutritional therapy for patients with esophageal cancer has many advantages, such as reducing postoperative complications, enhancing postoperative recovery, maintaining body weight, preventing muscle loss, and decreasing mortality rates of malnourished patients around surgery. Patients with esophageal cancer may not benefit from routine nutritional therapy. However, when patients with esophageal cancer have moderate to severe swallowing obstruction, weight loss, nutritional risk or their food intake cannot reach more than 60% of the required caloric intake within 3-5 days, nutritional therapy should be then started. An early and timely nutritional therapy should be given to patients, which may improve their nutritional status and reduce the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, and even benefit the survival of patients. However, the nutritional intervention rate of esophageal cancer patients is low and there is no universal consensus about when and how to properly assess an esophageal cancer patient. And doubts remain about the efficacy of immunonutrition treatment in those patients, with contradictory findings among different clinical trials. To provide clinical reference for improving clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patients, this article reviews the nutritional status of esophageal cancer patients, the effects of medical nutrition therapy, and the clinical effects of treatment, especially the impact of immunotherapy on patients with esophageal cancer.