血液肿瘤是儿科最常见的肿瘤类型，因肿瘤代谢应激及生长发育等原因，患儿发生营养不良的情况极为常见。同 时，各种抗肿瘤治疗也可能加重营养不良。营养不良包括能量及营养素摄入缺乏导致的营养不足，以及能量摄入增加导致的 营养过剩。严重的营养不良会影响血液肿瘤患儿的治疗效果，导致并发症的发生、住院天数的延长、生存质量的降低，甚至病 死风险的增加。及时合理的营养筛查，全面系统的营养评估以及个体化的营养治疗对改善血液肿瘤患儿的预后具有重要意 义。本文对血液肿瘤患儿营养筛查工具的选择、营养评估内容、营养不良与儿童血液肿瘤临床结局相关性的研究进展等进行 讨论，以期提高临床工作者对血液肿瘤患儿营养状况的重视程度，为合理选择营养筛查工具及营养评估内容提供临床依据，通 过对营养不良患儿的早发现、早干预，提高其生存质量，改善临床结局。

Hematological tumor is the most common type of tumor in pediatrics. Children with hematological tumor are always accompanied by malnutrition due to metabolic stress and accelerating growth. At the same time, various anti⁃tumor treatments may also exacerbate malnutrition. Malnutrition includes undernutrition which result in energy and nutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition due to excess energy intake. Severe malnutrition could influence therapeutic effect, raise the risk of complications, prolong hospital stays, decrease quality of life, and even increase the risk of death. Nutritional screening at the initial stage of disease diagnosis, comprehensive and accurate assessment of nutritional status, and individualized nutritional support are of great significance for improving the prognosis of children with hematological tumors. In this review, the recent progress on the selection of nutritional screening tools, the content of nutrition assessment, the association between malnutrition and the clinical outcomes in children with hematological tumor were discussed. This article was written with a view to increasing the concerns of medical staffs about the nutritional status in children with hematological tumors, providing clinical basis for the reasonable selection of nutritional screening tools and nutritional assessment content, and improving the quality of life and clinical outcome of malnourished children through early nutritional interventions.