任何腹部术后都可能发生并发症，包括切口感染、肺炎、尿路感染、肠麻痹等，这些并发症导致患者住院时间延长和 死亡率增加，因此，如何预防术后并发症成为外科医生的难题。本文通过大量文献研读和本团队的研究成果，遴选了术前可能 影响患者预后的危险因素进行整合归类，构建了预测手术风险的评估体系，包括肌肉减少症、内脏脂肪/骨骼肌比、高龄、贫血、 低蛋白血症、营养风险筛查2002（NRS 2002）评分≥3分、麻醉风险分级≥3级、胃部手术、开腹手术、手术时间>4 h、TNM分期≥Ⅲ 期、术后阿片类药物使用量≥0.3 mg/kg等与术后并发症发生、术后疲劳综合征、肠麻痹等相关的独立危险因素。从医疗、护理、 麻醉、宣教等多维度整合，归纳出肌肉减少症诊断、营养风险、麻醉、既往病史和手术等五大因素是防范术后并发症的关键预防 要点，并构建成多维度术后并发症预防体系的模型图，将有利于术前评估患者潜在的风险，及早采取有效的防范措施，为临床 预测手术并发症的风险提供依据，对避免术后相关并发症的发生具有重要的意义。

Complications can occur after any abdominal surgery. Complications include incision infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, enteroplegia and so on, which may increase the length of hospital stay and mortality. How to prevent surgical complications has become a difficult problem for surgeons. Through a large number of literature studies and the research results of our team, we integrated and classified the risk factors that may affect the prognosis of patients preoperatively, and then screened out the independent risk factors which correlated with postoperative complications, postoperative fatigue syndrome postoperative ileus and so on, including sarcopenia, visceral fat area/total abdominal muscle area, old age, anemia, hypoproteinemia, NRS 2002 score≥3, ASA grade≥3, gastrectomy, open surgery, duration of operation≥4 hours, TNM stage≥ stage Ⅲ and postoperative opioids use≥0.3 mg/kg. From the multi⁃dimensional integration of medical treatment, nursing, anesthesia, and education, we concluded that the five major factors such as sarcopenia diagnosis, nutritional risk, anesthesia, past medical history and surgery are the key points to prevent postoperative complications, and constructed a multi⁃dimensional model diagram of the postoperative complication prevention system in order to take effective preventive measures earlier and provide a basis for clinical prediction of the risk of surgical complications, which is significantly important for avoiding postoperative complications.