鼻咽癌在欧美等西方国家的发病率较低，而在中国南方诸省却较为高发。鼻咽癌患者对放疗和化疗均有较高的敏 感性，放疗是其主要的治疗方法。与其他肿瘤相比，鼻咽癌患者更易出现营养不良，尤其是患者经过放化疗后，其食欲降低、进 食和消化能力下降，进而引起摄入不足和/或吸收不良，导致营养不良的发生。而营养不良又会使患者治疗效果降低、生活质 量下降，甚至导致死亡，因此及早预防和治疗营养不良对患者的治疗效果和生活质量有着很大帮助。鼻咽癌营养治疗途径的 选择原则与其他恶性肿瘤基本一致，但也有其特点：①由于治疗不良反应患者极易放弃经口进食，因此，鼻饲管是短期肠内营 养治疗常用的途径；②若肠内营养治疗大于4周，多考虑采用经皮内镜下胃造瘘术或空肠造瘘术，该方法创伤小、置管时间长、 不易堵塞，从而使患者有更好的生活质量；③肠内营养补充不足或不耐受时采用肠外营养，而患者病情一旦好转，应尽早改为 肠内营养；④鼻咽癌患者营养治疗应适当提高脂肪的供能比例，同时蛋白质供给量推荐为1.0～1.5 g/(kg·d)。

The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively low in Western countries such as Europe and the United States, but is high in southern China. Compared with other tumors, patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are more likely to suffer from malnutrition, especially after patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy, their appetite, eating and digesting abilities are decreased, which in turn causes insufficient intake and/or malabsorption, and ultimately leads to malnutrition. In addition, malnutrition will reduce the treatment effect and quality of life of patients, and even lead to death. Therefore, the early prevention and treatment of malnutrition is of great help to the treatment effect and quality of life of patients. The principle of selection of nutritional treatment approaches for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is basically the same as that for other malignant tumors, but it also has its characteristics: ① Because patients with side effects of treatment can easily give up oral feeding, nasogastric feeding tube is the most common way of short⁃term enteral nutrition therapy. ②If enteral nutrition treatment is longer than 4 weeks, consider using percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy, the patients who use this method will lead less traumatic, have a long indwelling tube and not easy to block, so that the patients can have a high quality of life. ③ Parenteral nutrition should be used when enteral nutrition is insufficient or intolerant, once the patient's condition improves, enteral nutrition should be changed as soon as possible. ④ Nutritional treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma should appropriately increase the fat energy supply ratio, and the recommended protein supply is 1.0～ 1.5 g/(kg·d).