随着发病人数的逐年增长，肿瘤已成为当今世界范围内最大的公共卫生挑战之一。肿瘤发病与个体的生活环境因 素密切相关，而饮食则是其中最重要的一环，尤其在结直肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌等发病过程中发挥重要作用。与机体正常 细胞相比，肿瘤细胞的能量代谢过程发生显著改变，葡萄糖摄取增加、无氧糖酵解成为肿瘤细胞主要的供能途径。生酮饮食是 一种以脂肪为主要食物来源的膳食模式，在此模式下，酮体成为机体细胞的主要能量来源。因此，针对肿瘤细胞独特的能量代 谢过程，生酮饮食被认为具有潜在的辅助抗肿瘤作用，其对恶性肿瘤的辅助治疗效果已在许多动物模型中得到验证，而在临床 中的应用尚处于探索阶段，缺乏可靠的循证医学研究证据。因此，本文将就有关生酮饮食在恶性肿瘤领域的临床研究结果进 行综述，并根据临床研究类型，分别汇总临床病例报告、观察性研究和临床随机对照试验三个方面的研究，介绍并探讨目前在 恶性肿瘤临床治疗中应用生酮饮食所面临的主要问题和挑战。

In recent years, the increasing prevalence of cancers constitutes a global public health crisis. Tumor incidence is closely related to individual living environment and diet is the most important part of it, especially for colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and breast cancer. Compared with normal cells, the energy metabolism of tumor cells is significantly changed since glucose uptake is increased, and anaerobic glycolysis has become the main energy resource for tumor cells. The ketogenic diet is a dietary mode that contains fat as the main food source. In this mode, ketone bodies become the main energy source for the body's cells. Therefore, in view of the unique metabolism of cancer cells, the ketogenic diet is considered to have a potential auxiliary anti⁃tumor effect which has been verified in many animal models, but its clinical application is still in exploration and there is still a lack of reliable evidence⁃based medicine guidelines. This article have specifically summarized clinical studies of the ketogenic diet in the field of malignant tumors, including clinical case reports, observational studies and clinical randomized controlled trials, and then discussed the current problems and challenges of applying the ketogenic diet in the clinical treatment of malignant tumors.