脂类包括脂肪（甘油三酯）和类脂（磷脂、固醇类），提供机体必需脂肪酸和能量。脂类代谢紊乱被认为是包括结直肠癌在 内的许多恶性肿瘤的代谢特征。脂类代谢异常会导致细胞膜结构变化、细胞信号传导异常、能量稳态失衡、基因表达和蛋白质分布 破坏等分子变化，从而影响细胞增殖、分化、新陈代谢、凋亡以及信息传递等一系列细胞功能。高水平的脂肪酸代谢活动是肿瘤细胞 代谢异常之一。由于许多脂类在肿瘤细胞代谢中发挥重要作用，一些脂类代谢途径可能成为结直肠癌治疗潜在的特异性靶点。脂 类代谢与结直肠癌发生、发展的关系，以及两者的相互作用是肿瘤营养与代谢的热点之一，目前研究结果尚存在一定争议，需要更多 的临床和基础研究进一步证实。本文将从脂肪酸、甘油三酯、胆固醇三个方面系统阐述脂类代谢与结直肠癌发生、发展的关系，并且 通过分析干预其代谢途径的细胞信号及分子机制，探讨结直肠癌治疗的新方向。

Lipids include fats (triglycerides) and lipids (phospholipids and sterols). Lipids provide essential fatty acids and energy for the body. Lipid metabolism disorder is considered to be the metabolic feature of many malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer. Abnormal lipid metabolism will lead to changes in cell membrane structure, abnormal cell signal transduction, imbalance of energy homeostasis, destruction of gene expression and protein distribution, which will affect a series of cell functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and information transmission. Studies have shown that abnormal lipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. High level of fatty acid metabolism is one of the most abnormal metabolic changes of tumor cells. Some lipid metabolic pathways may become potential specific targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The relationship between lipid metabolism and the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, as well as their interaction, is one of the hot spots of tumor nutrition and metabolism. At present, the research results are still controversial and need to be further confirmed by more clinical and basic studies. This paper will systematically elaborate the relationship between lipid metabolism and the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer from three aspects of fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesterol, and inspire the cellular signal and molecular mechanism of interfering with its metabolic pathway, which may provide a new direction for the treatment of colorectal cancer.