血液系统肿瘤患者诊治过程中普遍存在营养不良，化疗作为血液系统肿瘤最重要的治疗手段，进一步加剧患者的营养不 良，其最主要的原因是化疗引起的恶心、呕吐及摄食减少。诱导治疗后C反应蛋白的显著升高，提示感染发生率及炎症水平均较高， 这在一定程度上可能干扰机体代谢、加剧营养状态的恶化。血液系统肿瘤患者的营养不良表现为体质指数异常、人体成分异常、整体/ 综合评估异常和生化指标异常。血液系统肿瘤患者营养治疗的原则与其他肿瘤类似，肠内营养为主，肠外营养为辅。但是，需要注意 补充特殊营养剂：①谷氨酰胺；②针对“粒细胞减少”的饮食；③ω‐3多不饱和脂肪酸；④牛初乳及大豆饮食。通过营养筛查和评估，为 处于不同治疗阶段的血液系统肿瘤患者制定营养治疗方案，及时、恰当地进行个体化营养治疗，可显著改善血液系统肿瘤患者营养状 况、预防营养不良及相关并发症，降低治疗相关不良反应风险，提高耐受性、疗效及生活质量。

Malnutrition is common in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hematological tumor. Chemotherapy, as the most important treatment of hematological tumor, aggravates the malnutrition of patients further. The main reason is the nausea, vomiting and reduced food intake caused by chemotherapy. The significant increase of C⁃reactive protein after induction treatment indicates that the incidence of infection and the level of inflammation are high, which may interfere with the body's metabolism and aggravate the deterioration of nutritional status to a certain extent. Malnutrition in patients with hematological tumor is characterized by abnormal body mass index, abnormal body composition, abnormal overall/comprehensive evaluation and abnormal biochemical indexes. The principle of nutritional treatment for patients with hematological tumor is similar to that of other tumor, with enteral nutrition as the main and parenteral nutrition as the supplement. However, special nutrients should be supplemented: ①glutamine; ②diet for "granulocytopenia"; ③ω⁃3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; ④ bovine colostrum and soybean diet. Through nutritional screening and evaluation, formulating nutritional treatment plans for patients with hematological tumor at different treatment stages and timely and appropriate individualized nutritional treatment can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients with hematological tumor, prevent malnutrition and