目的探讨营养管理在高危神经母细胞瘤患儿术后化疗期间的应用效果。方法选取2019年11月至2021年3月首都医 科大学附属北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心收治的88例高危神经母细胞瘤术后化疗的患儿，采用简单随机方法分为对照组和观察组， 每组各44例，对照组采用常规饮食护理，观察组在常规护理基础上采用全程营养管理，包括院内集中管理及院外建立微信群管理， 时长3个月，比较两组患儿术后化疗期间营养指标、不良反应发生情况。结果观察组化疗后血清前白蛋白（[ 169.66±30.46）mg/L比 （158.68±19.18）mg/L]、血清白蛋白（[ 44.86±3.72）mg/L比（42.90±4.47）mg/L]、血红蛋白（[ 108.23±14.16）g/L比（102.36±11.37）g/L]、淋 巴细胞绝对值[0.91（0.64，1.11）×109比0.68（0.42，1.02）×109]均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；体重增长高于对照组，无统 计学差异（P=0.238）。观察组营养不良风险筛查分数[(5.23±1.51）分比（6.05±1.90）分]、感染[10例（22.7%）比19例（43.2%）]、厌食[15 例（34.1%）比29例（65.9%）]、降低化疗强度[1例（2.3%）比6例（13.6%）]等不良反应发生率均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）； 营养不良和腹泻发生率低于对照组，无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论营养管理能有效改善肿瘤术后患儿的营养状况，降低营养不良 及化疗不良反应发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of nutritional management during postoperative chemotherapy in children with neuroblastoma. Method A total of 88 neuroblastoma patients treated in Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2019 to March 2021 after chemotherapy were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 44 patients each. The control group received routine diet nursing, and the observation group received whole⁃course nutrition management on the basis of routine nursing. Centralized management in the hospital and Wechat group management established outside the hospital lasted for 3 months. Nutritional indicators and adverse reactions of patients in the two groups during postoperative chemotherapy were compared. Result The absolute values of serum prealbumin [ (169.66±30.46) mg/L vs (158.68±19.18) mg/L], serum albumin [(44.86±3.72) mg/L vs (42.90±4.47) mg/L], hemoglobin [(108.23±14.16) g/L vs (102.36±11.37) mg/L] and lymphocytes [0.91 (0.64, 1.11)×109 vs 0.68 (0.42, 1.02)×109] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the weight gain was higher than that of the control group, but there was no significant difference (P=0.238). The incidence of adverse reactions, such as malnutrition risk screening score [(5.23±1.51）vs（6.05±1.90）], infection [10 (22.7%) vs 19 (43.2%)], anorexia [15 (34.1%) vs 29 (65.9%)] and reduced chemotherapy intensity [1 (2.3%) vs 6 (13.6%)] were lower in the observation group than in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of malnutrition and diarrhea was lower than that of control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Nutritional management can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients after tumor operation and reduce the incidence of malnutrition and adverse reactions of chemotherapy.