中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）是在中性粒细胞活化后由颗粒蛋白修饰的细胞外染色质纤维网。近年来，NETs在肿 瘤及相关并发症的发生发展过程中发挥的病理作用逐渐被人们认识。近年来研究提示肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）的发生可 能与NETs在肿瘤患者中过度产生有关。组成NETs的染色质纤维网、细胞游离DNA（cfDNA）、组蛋白等通过参与血液高凝状态 的形成和内皮的损伤，加速血栓的形成。基于对NETs生成机制和其促进VTE形成机制的认识，NETs标志物P‐选择素、瓜氨酸化 的组蛋白H3和cfDNA是目前最有前景的预测VTE的潜在标志物。抑制NETs生成和清除NETs是针对防治由NETs异常积累所 导致的VTE的两个主要方向。肝素、阿司匹林、氯喹等药物具有抑制NETs生成的作用，这些药物的发现有助于深入揭示NETs形 成和促进VTE形成的机制，也有助于制定更高效的VTE防治策略。同时，在NETs形成过程的关键组分的抑制物也有望降低VTE 的发生率。本文将主要探讨NETs促进肿瘤相关VTE的机制，并总结针对NETs预测和防治肿瘤相关VTE的研究进展。

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular decondensed chromatin webs decorated with granule proteins post neutrophils activation. In recent years, the pathological role of NETs in the occurrence and development of tumor and related complications has been gradually recognized. Recent studies have suggested that the occurrence of cancer⁃associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be related to the overproduction of NETs in cancer patients. The chromatin fiber network, cell⁃free DNA (cfDNA), and histones that constitute NETs contribute to and accelerate thrombosis by participating in the formation of blood hypercoagulable states and endothelial damage. Based on the understanding of the mechanism of NETs formation and how NETs promote VTE, NETs marker P⁃selectin, citrullinated histone H3 and cfDNA are the most promising potential markers for predicting VTE. Inhibition of NETs generation and elimination of NETs are two main directions for preventing VTE caused by abnormal accumulation of NETs. More and more studies have found that heparin, aspirin, chloroquine and other drugs can inhibit the formation of NETs. The discovery of these drugs will help to further reveal the mechanism of NETs formation and how NETs promote VTE, and also contribute to the development of more efficient prevention and treatment strategies for VTE. At the same time, inhibitors of substances that play a key role in the formation of NETs are also expected to reduce the incidence of VTE. Herein, we will mainly discuss the mechanism by which NETs promote tumor⁃associated VTE, and summarize the research progress on prediction and prevention of tumor⁃associated VTE by NETs.