胆固醇是人体内细胞膜结构必不可少的组分之一,参与调控细胞膜的生物物理特性，还是合成胆汁酸、甾醇类激素、 氧化甾醇等生物活性分子的前体。维持胆固醇代谢平衡对维持细胞和机体的生命活动至关重要。人体内胆固醇代谢失衡是动 脉粥样硬化、胆囊结石、淤胆性肝损伤、高胆固醇血症、心肌梗死等众多疾病的危险因素，且在多种肿瘤的发生发展中起到重要作 用。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）没有编码蛋白质功能，可调节转录、翻译、信使RNA（mRNA）剪切、转录后修饰等过程，以发挥其 调节表观遗传学、控制细胞周期、调节分化和免疫应答等生物学效应。lncRNA是基因表达中重要的表观遗传调控因子，近年来， 随着测序和基因芯片技术的成熟，越来越多的研究证实了lncRNA与其调控蛋白编码基因之间的相互作用，形成了高度复杂的调 控网络，参与多种生命活动和疾病进展，lncRNA的突变或表达异常对许多疾病的发生和发展具有重要调控作用。lncRNA可通 过多种途径对人体胆固醇代谢起到重要调控作用。本文对lncRNA调节胆固醇代谢及胆固醇代谢相关疾病方面的研究进展情况 展开综述。

Cholesterol is an indispensable component of the structure of cell membranes in the human body, involved in regulating the biophysical properties of cell membranes, and is also a precursor to the synthesis of bioactive molecules such as bile acids, sterol hormones, and oxysterols. Maintaining the metabolic balance of cholesterol is essential for maintaining the life activities of cells and the body. Imbalance of cholesterol metabolism in the human body is a risk factor for many diseases such as atherosclerosis, gallbladder stones, cholestatic liver damage, hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, etc., and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. lncRNA does not code for protein, which regulates transcription, translation, mRNA cleavage, post⁃transcriptional modification and other processes to exert its biological effects such as regulating epigenetics, controlling the cell cycle, regulating differentiation and immune response. lncRNA is an important epigenetic regulator in gene expression, in recent years, with the maturity of sequencing and gene chip technology, more and more studies have confirmed the interaction between lncRNA and its regulated protein⁃coding genes, forming a highly complex regulatory network, participating in a variety of life activities and disease progression, and the mutation or expression abnormality of lncRNA has a regulatory effect on the occurrence and development of many diseases. lncRNA has been found to play an important regulatory role in human cholesterol metabolism through a variety of pathways. In this paper, the research progress of lncRNA regulation of cholesterol metabolism and cholesterol metabolism⁃related diseases is reviewed.