铜作为机体不可缺少的微量元素，是多种酶活性位点上的辅因子，参与能量代谢、抗氧化、凝血、神经递质合成、铁代 谢、色素沉着等重要生命活动。铜代谢异常会导致严重疾病，如铜缺乏引起的Menkes病及铜过量积聚引起的肝豆状核变性。铜 对机体的重要性及其潜在毒性决定其在人体的运输与分布需要受复杂而精密的转运系统调控，其中涉及多种铜伴侣蛋白和铜转 运蛋白。因此，铜与其相关蛋白密不可分。肿瘤患者体内肿瘤组织及血清铜水平显著升高。近年来，针对铜离子及铜相关蛋白 调控肿瘤增殖的分子机制研究越来越深入，目前已经明确铜离子及铜相关蛋白参与肿瘤的发生发展，特别是参与肿瘤细胞侵袭 与转移相关信号通路的激活。此外，铜离子及铜相关蛋白与肿瘤微环境存在串扰，共同调控肿瘤生长与转移。本文将深入探讨 铜在人体的生理代谢途径、铜离子及铜相关蛋白对肿瘤自身以及肿瘤微环境的影响，并介绍以铜离子及铜相关蛋白为靶点的新 型肿瘤治疗方式，为肿瘤研究及诊断治疗提供新的思路，为铜螯合剂在肿瘤治疗方面的应用提供有力的理论依据。

As an indispensable trace element in the body, copper is a cofactor on the active sites of a variety of enzymes and participates in energy metabolism, anti⁃oxidation, blood coagulation, neurotransmitter synthesis, iron metabolism, pigmentation and other important life activities. Abnormal copper metabolism can cause serious diseases, such as Menkes disease caused by copper deficiency and hepatolenticular degeneration caused by excessive copper accumulation. The importance and potential toxicity of copper determine that its transportation and distribution in the human body need to be regulated by a complex and sophisticated transport system, which involves a variety of copper chaperones and transport proteins. Therefore, copper is inseparable from its related proteins. The copper level in tumor tissues and serum of patients with cancer is significantly elevated. In recent years, studies on the molecular mechanisms of copper ions and copper⁃related proteins regulating tumor proliferation have become more and more in⁃depth. It is now clear that copper ions and copper⁃related proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, especially in the activation of signal pathways related to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, there is crosstalk between copper ion and tumor micro⁃environment, which can jointly regulate tumor proliferation and metastasis. This review will discuss the physiological metabolic pathways of copper in the human body, the effects of copper ions and copper⁃related proteins on the tumor tissue and tumor micro⁃environment, and introduce new therapies that target copper ions and copper⁃related proteins, which could provide new ideas for tumor research, diagnosis and treatment, and provides a strong theoretical basis for the application of copper chelators in tumor treatment.