代谢重编程是恶性肿瘤的标志,可抑制免疫细胞活性并促进肿瘤细胞进展,对肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞都具有重要意 义。 氨基酸代谢重编程是肿瘤代谢重编程重要环节之一。 一方面由于肿瘤细胞对于氨基酸的需求旺盛,肿瘤细胞上调氨基 酸转运体表达加快对氨基酸的摄取,用于自身的快速生长;另一方面肿瘤细胞还可利用特殊的氨基酸代谢(如色氨酸代谢)代 谢产物,促进免疫细胞表达免疫逃避相关蛋白(如程序性死亡蛋白-1)的表达,促进肿瘤细胞的免疫逃避。 而在 T 细胞的增 殖、分化和免疫应答过程中也可上调氨基酸转运体的表达增加对氨基酸的摄取,增强 T 细胞的免疫功能的发挥。 通过对氨基 酸及其转运体在肿瘤微环境和免疫应答调节中发挥的作用进行深入的了解,不仅有助于理解氨基酸代谢在肿瘤代谢重编程 中的重要地位,而且还可为肿瘤患者的免疫增强策略提供依据。 故本文对氨基酸及其转运体在肿瘤细胞和 T 细胞中的作用 进行综述。

Metabolic reprogramming is a marker of malignant tumor and can inhibit the activity of immune cells and promote the progress of tumor cells. Tumor metabolism reprogramming is important for tumor cells and immune cells. Amino acid metabolic reprogramming is one of the important steps in tumor metabolic reprogramming. On the one hand due to the high demand for amino acids tumor cells will upregulate the expression of amino acid transporters and accelerate the uptake of amino acids for their own rapid growth. On the other hand tumor cells can also utilize the metabolites of special amino acid metabolism such as tryptophan metabolism to promote the expression of immune evasion related proteins such as programmed death protein-1 in immune cells to promote the immune evasion of tumor cells. For T cells the uptake of amino acids can also be increased by upregulated the expression of amino acid transporters during the proliferation differentiation and immune response of T cells and the immune function of T cells will be enhanced. To understand the important role of amino acid metabolism in tumor metabolic reprogramming and provide the basis for the immune enhancement of cancer patients we review the role of amino acids and their transporters in tumor cells and T cells.