雌马酚是黄豆苷元的代谢产物,是大豆异黄酮及其代谢产物中抗氧化活性最强的一种,有 2 种对映异构体。 大豆 异黄酮的抗肿瘤效应取决于其代谢产物雌马酚。 但雌马酚及其对映异构体对各类肿瘤的预防效应尚不统一、其背后的机制 还不明确。 对雌马酚和肿瘤结局的观察性研究提示,饮食习惯(大豆的摄入量)、雌马酚表型和种族可能是影响结局异同的主 要原因。 获得足够量 S 型和 R 型雌马酚致癌作用的动物研究和直接解决雌马酚对映异构体对肿瘤风险中间生物标志物影响 的人类干预研究可能有助于进一步确定雌马酚生产者的影响表型和雌马酚本身的作用机制。 但可以肯定的是,大豆异黄酮 的代谢产物雌马酚,具有比前体物更高的抗肿瘤活性、抗肿瘤靶点广、毒性低,在保护人类健康和预防疾病方面有不容小觑的 作用。 后续的研究要进一步探索不同种族、雌马酚不同表型及不同剂量等因素对肿瘤发生风险的影响,为雌马酚的合理应用 提供依据。

Equol a metabolite of daidzein has the strongest antioxidant activity among soybean isoflavones and its metabolites. It has two enantiomers. More and more studies have shown that the antitumor effect of soybean isoflavone depends on its metabolite equol. However the preventive effect of equol and its enantiomers on various types of tumors is not uniform and the underlying mechanism is not clear. Observational studies of equol and tumor outcomes suggest that dietary habits soy intake equol phenotype and ethnicity may be major contributors influencing the results. Animal studies to obtain the carcinogenic effects of R- and S -Eq in sufficient amounts and human intervention studies to directly address the effects of equol enantiomers on intermediate biomarkers of cancer risk may help to further define the impact of equol producers on phenotype and the mechanism of action of Eq itself. However it is certain that equol as a metabolite of soybean isoflavone has higher anti-tumor activity wider anti-tumor targets and lower toxicity than its precursors which plays an important role in protecting human health and preventing diseases. Subsequent studies should further explore the effects of different races different phenotypes and different doses of equol on the risk of tumorigenesis so as to provide a basis for rational application of equol.