放射治疗(简称放疗)是恶性肿瘤患者主要的治疗手段之一,放疗技术的不断进步极大提高了肿瘤患者的生存率 并减少了治疗不良反应。 然而,肿瘤患者放疗期间营养不良发生率仍然比较高,尤其是头颈部肿瘤和消化道肿瘤,所以实施 全程营养管理对于放疗患者尤为重要。 近些年肿瘤患者的营养干预越来越得到重视,国内外相继发表了许多针对肿瘤患者 的营养相关指南和共识,特别是制订了专门针对放疗患者的营养规范和指导原则,为我们临床实施营养筛查、评估和治疗提 供了坚实的理论依据,但如何将其应用在放疗过程中的具体环节,这需要借助一种贯穿全程的理念指导,从而将理论与实践 有效地结合,实现肿瘤放疗患者的全程营养管理。 现代缓和医疗是一门集医学、心理学、伦理学和社会学的交叉学科,同时也 是以人为本,改善患者生命质量的照护体系。 它适用于任何威胁健康的疾病全程,特别是肿瘤患者,而不仅是终末期阶段。 将缓和医疗理念应用于放疗患者的营养管理全程,将有助于降低营养不良发生率,提高患者生命质量和放疗疗效。

Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for patients with malignant tumors. The continuous progress of radiotherapy technology has greatly improved the survival rate of cancer patients and reduced the side effects of treatment. However the incidence of malnutrition is still high in cancer patients during radiotherapy especially in patients with head and neck cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore the implementation of whole-course nutritional management is particularly important for patients undergoing radiotherapy. In recent years nutritional intervention for cancer patients has attracted more and more attention. Many nutritional guidelines and Consensus for cancer patients have been published at home and abroad. In particular the nutritional norms and guiding principles for radiotherapy patients have been formulated which provide a solid theoretical basis for clinical implementation of nutritional screening assessment and treatment. This requires the guidance of a whole-process concept so as to effectively combine theory with practice to realize the whole-process nutrition management of tumor radiotherapy patients. Modern palliative care is an interdisciplinary subject that integrates medicine psychology ethics and sociology. It is also a people - oriented care system that improves the quality of life of patients. It is applicable to the entire course of any health-threatening disease especially in patients with tumors not just in the terminal stage. The application of palliative care in the whole nutritional management of radiotherapy patients will help to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve the quality of life of patients and the efficacy of radiotherapy.