胃癌发病率在所有恶性肿瘤中排名第 6 位,其致死率位列第 3 位,我国胃癌新发及死亡病例数为 478 508 例和 373 789 例,分别占全球的 43. 94%和 48. 62%,中国的胃癌发病率和死亡率均处于全球较高水平,未来需加强防控,改善流行 现状。 学者们认为其发病率的下降可能是由生活及饮食习惯等多方面的因素导致的,本文主要从四个方面进行了分析,这四 个方面与生活关系较为紧密:①胃癌发病率和死亡率的下降通常与幽门螺杆菌感染率的降低密切相关;②食盐摄入量与胃癌 发病率具有剂量反应关系;③随着吸烟持续时间的增加,患胃癌的风险将显著增加;④维生素 C 是降低胃癌发病风险的重要 因素之一。 除此之外,还有诸多因素独立或共同影响胃癌的发病率,较为常见的例如癌前病变、遗传和基因等,以及一些尚未 确定的影响因素,还处于不断探索中,随着我们对胃癌的不断深入认知,将对医生和患者在该疾病的预防、诊断、治疗和预后 上有更大的帮助。

Gastric cancer ranks fourth in morbidity for malignant cancers worldwide. As a major tumor the factors affecting its incidence rate have always been focused. Many scholars believe that the decline of gastric cancer morbidity is most probably related to various factors such as life and diet habits. This paper mainly analyzes four aspects ①The reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection rate is usually matched with the decline of morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer ②The dose-response relationship between salt intake and incidence rate of gastric cancer has been fully supported by the literature ③As the duration of smoking increases the risk of cancer significantly increases ④For many years vitamin C has been considered an important factor in reducing the risk of gastric cancer. More influencing factors are still being explored and as we deepen the understanding of gastric cancer it will be of greater help to doctors and patients in the diagnosis treatment and prognosis of the disease.