肿瘤患者的营养不良发生率达 40% ~ 80%,其营养不良与更高的死亡率及更多的医疗支出相关。 肿瘤患者的营养 状况是影响治疗效果和预后的重要因素。 准确预测人体能量需求是实施营养健康咨询及临床营养支持的先决条件。 通常间 接测热法(indirect calorimetry,IC)被认为是评估静息能量消耗(resting energy expenditure,REE)的金标准。 由于医疗发展水平 存在较大地区差异,IC 不仅需要专业设备,也需专业人员进行操作,因此当前仍无法完全根据指南对所有患者进行 IC 测定。 研究发现不同的肿瘤类型、分期、治疗情况对能量消耗的影响有所不同,研究结果也存在矛盾。 肿瘤患者的能量消耗与需求 的估算仍然有待研究,评价并选择适合不同类型肿瘤患者的精准能量消耗预测公式具有重要意义。 本文综述了肿瘤患者能 量代谢特点,归纳了常见能量消耗预测公式,重点梳理了常见肿瘤患者能量消耗及预测公式的相关研究进展,并提出未来研 究的方向和展望。

The prevalence of malnutrition in oncology patients is around 40%-80% and its occurrence is associated with higher mortality and more medical expenditures. The nutritional status of oncology patients is an important factor affecting treatment outcome and prognosis. Accurate prediction of human energy requirements is a prerequisite for nutritional health counseling and clinical nutrition support. The indirect calorimetry IC method is often considered the gold standard for assessing resting energy expenditure REE . Due to substantial geographical differences differences in the level of medical development the IC method requires not only specialized equipment but also specialized personnel to perform it and therefore it is still not possible to perform IC measurements for all patients in accordance with the guidelines. It has been found that different cancer types stages and treatments have different effects on energy expenditure and conflicting findings exist. The estimation of energy expenditure and demand of cancer patients still remains to be studied. Therefore it is important to evaluate and select predictive equations for energy expenditure suitable for patients with different types of cancers. This study reviews the characteristics of energy metabolism of cancer patients common energy expenditure prediction formulas and focuses on sorting out the relevant research progress of energy expenditure and prediction formulas for patients with various tumor diseases. Finally this study also proposes the direction and outlook of future research.