结直肠癌是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,2020 年中国癌症统计报告显示,我国结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率在 恶性肿瘤中分别位居第 2 位和第 5 位,其中新发病例 55. 5 万例,死亡病例 28. 6 万例。 结直肠癌的主要治疗手段包括手术切 除、放射治疗、化疗、靶向治疗及免疫治疗等。 化疗作为重要治疗手段之一在发挥积极作用的同时可能引起骨髓抑制、恶心呕 吐、手足综合征及营养不良等并发症。 营养不良在结直肠癌化疗患者中普遍存在,营养不良会进一步导致化疗不良反应加 重、化疗中断或延迟、化疗效果下降等负面影响。 早期的营养筛查和评估有助于及时发现结直肠癌患者的营养风险或营养不 良,便于营养支持治疗的实施,改善营养状况,减少化疗相关的不良反应,增加化疗耐受性,提高生活质量,从而使患者从中获 益。 本文结合国内外研究进展,对结直肠癌化疗患者的营养现状、营养筛查及评估方法、营养治疗策略三个方面予以综述,以 期为结直肠癌化疗患者的营养治疗提供参考依据。

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of digestive tract in China. 2020 China Cancer Statistical Report shows that the incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China rank 2nd and 5th among malignant tumors respectively with 555 000 new cases and 286 000 deaths. The main methods of treatment include surgical resection radiotherapy chemotherapy targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy as one of the important treatments may cause complications such as bone marrow suppression nausea and vomiting hand-foot syndrome and malnutrition while playing a positive role. Malnutrition is prevalent in patients undergoing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer and malnutrition can further lead to negative effects such as aggravation of chemotherapy side effects interruption or delay of chemotherapy and decrease in the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Early nutritional screening and assessment can help timely detect nutritional risk or malnutrition in colorectal cancer patients facilitate the implementation of nutritional support therapy improve nutritional status reduce chemotherapy-related adverse effects increase chemotherapy tolerance and improve the quality of life thus benefiting patients. In this paper the nutritional status of colorectal cancer chemotherapy patients nutritional screening and assessment methods and nutritional treatment strategies are reviewed in light of the progress of domestic and international research with a view to providing reference bases for the nutritional support treatment of colorectal cancer chemotherapy patients.