地球生命体表现出生理、生化和行为以 24 h 为周期的节律性变化称为昼夜节律或生物钟。 生物节律的产生及维 持是一系列与生物钟相关基因调控的结果,核心生物钟分子 PER/ CRY 和 BMAL1 / CLOCK 调控上千种生物钟基因的转录,使 得外周生物钟与中枢生物钟保持同步,并影响代谢节律,而代谢节律的改变可通过代谢物输出或代谢相关酶和蛋白质作 用,反过来影响生物钟基因时相性表达。 因此,频繁扰乱生活规律可引起生物钟和代谢节律紊乱,终将导致衰老和一系列代 谢疾病发生、发展。 规律性健康生活对于维持正常生物节律和健康非常重要。 饮食干预(摄食量、食物成分、进食时间和禁 食)可以纠正或恢复生物钟和代谢节律,已成为缓解与年龄相关的身体衰退和慢性疾病的重要选择。

The 24 - hour rhythmic changes in physiology biochemistry and behavior of living organisms are called circadian rhythms or biological clocks. The generation and maintenance of circadian rhythms are the result of a series of regulatory effects related to circadian clock genes. The core circadian clock molecules PER/ CTY and BMAL1 / CLOCK regulate the transcription of thousands of biological clock genes keeping the peripheral circadian clock synchronized with the central circadian clock and affecting the metabolic rhythm. The changes in metabolic rhythm affect the rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes through the output of metabolites or the action of metabolic related enzymes and proteins. Therefore frequent disruption of life patterns can cause disturbances in the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm ultimately leading to aging and the occurrence and development of a series of metabolic diseases. Regular and healthy lifestyle is crucial for maintaining normal circadian rhythms and health. Dietary interventions food quantity food quaility feeding time and fasting can align or reset the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm and have become attractive methods for alleviating age-related physical decline and chronic diseases.