营养风险在肿瘤患者中普遍存在。 由于肿瘤本身的快速生长和代谢活动导致机体需要更多的能量和营养物质,且 一些治疗手段如手术、放疗和化疗也会进一步加重代谢负担,如遇到继发于胃肠道恶性肿瘤的肠梗阻,患者营养摄入进一步 受到限制,营养不良发生率上升。 营养不良会降低身体功能、增加感染和并发症风险,使术后康复变得更加困难。 在营养不 良所致整体功能下降时行手术治疗会进一步增加患者的病死率。 目前针对癌性肠梗阻患者的治疗方案主要以外科手术为 主,但营养不良会增加这类患者的术后病死率。 因此,先行改善患者营养状况成为治疗癌性肠梗阻患者的关键点。 采用损伤 控制性手术联合肠内营养对改善癌性肠梗阻患者营养状况更为合适。 可以先通过内镜下肠梗阻导管置入或肠道自膨胀金属 支架等技术解决肠梗阻问题,开通营养通路,改善患者营养状况,架起限期根治手术间的桥梁,改善患者预后。

Malnutrition is common in cancer patients. Due to the rapid growth and metabolic activity of tumors themselves the body requires more energy and nutrients and some treatment methods such as surgery radiation therapy and chemotherapy can further increase the metabolic burden. Intestinal obstruction can be found in gastrointestinal malignancies patients. Patients' intake is further restricted and the incidence of malnutrition increases. Malnutrition can reduce physical function increase the risk of infection and complications and harder postoperative recovery. Surgical treatment in cases of overall functional decline caused by malnutrition will further increase the mortality rate of patients. At present surgical treatment is the main treatment option for patients with cancerous ileus. However malnutrition will increase the postoperative mortality of these patients. Therefore improving the nutritional status of patients has become the key point in the treatment of patients with cancerous intestinal obstruction. Damage control surgery combined with enteral nutrition is more suitable for improving the nutritional status of patients with cancerous intestinal obstruction. Intestinal obstruction can be solved via decompression tubes or self-expanding metal stents under gastrointestinal endoscopy to open nutritional access improve the nutritional status of patients build a bridge between radical surgery within a limited period and improve the prognosis of patients.