ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)是人类重要的结构营养素和功能营养素,大量基础实验与人群研究已阐明其降脂、 抗炎、防治心脑血管疾病、改善肿瘤微环境等作用。 然而,随着 ω-3 PUFAs 人群干预试验的逐渐增多,部分研究并未发现该类 显著效应。 这种结果的不一致性阻碍了 ω-3 PUFAs 在更多医学指南中的应用,也限制了 ω-3 PUFAs 在临床诊疗和慢病管理 中的推广。 ω-6 PUFAs 是另一类重要的多不饱和脂肪酸,但随着膳食结构的变迁,全球普遍存在 ω-6 PUFAs 摄入超标和 ω-3 PUFAs 摄入不足,进而导致体内 ω-6 与 ω-3 比例显著上升的问题。 ω-6 PUFAs 在体内与 ω-3 PUFAs 存在细胞膜结构 占位竞争及代谢竞争的关系,高 ω-6 / ω-3 比例可能会阻碍 ω-3 PUFAs 发挥其健康效应,并与众多慢病的发生、发展密切相 关。 本综述通过分析 ω-3 和 ω-6 PUFAs 在体内的交互作用及 ω-6 / ω-3 比例对 ω-3 PUFAs 的影响,提出体内 ω-6 / ω-3 比 例是影响 ω-3 PUFAs 效应发挥的重要因素。 同时,本文指出以往部分 ω-3 PUFAs 研究忽视了 ω-6 / ω-3 比例这一重要指 标,在研究终点时仍未恢复平衡的 ω-6 / ω-3 比例可能是导致研究结果不一致的关键原因,提示尽快规范 ω-3 PUFAs 研究标 准、将 ω-6 / ω-3 比例纳入质控监测指标将有助于客观揭示 ω-3 PUFAs 的健康效应,并最终推动 ω-3 PUFAs 在慢病管理中的 标准化应用。

ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs are essential structural and functional nutrients in humans with numerous studies demonstrating their lipid - lowering anti - inflammatory cardiovascular protective and tumor microenvironment - improving effects. However the inconsistent results from ω-3 PUFAs intervention trials hinder their widespread application in medical guidelines and limit their clinical use in disease management. As another class of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-6 PUFAs are commonly found in excess in global diets leading to an imbalance in the ω- 6 / ω- 3 ratio and potentially impeding the health effects of ω- 3 PUFAs. Research has shown that high ω-6 / ω-3 ratios may hinder the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs and are closely associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases due to cellular membrane structure competition and metabolic interference between ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs. This review analyzes the interaction between ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in the body and highlights the importance of the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio in modulating the effects of ω-3 PUFAs. Furthermore it emphasizes that the oversight of the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio in previous ω-3 PUFAs studies may be a key reason for inconsistent results suggesting the need to standardize research protocols and include the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio as a quality control parameter to objectively elucidate the health effects of ω-3 PUFAs and promote their standardized application in disease management.