鼻咽癌起病隐匿,恶性度高,超过 70%的患者在初诊时即为中晚期阶段,目前新辅助化疗联合同步放化疗(CCRT) 作为局部晚期鼻咽癌(LA-NPC)的标准治疗手段,虽然具有较好的疾病缓解率,但对一些患者远处转移风险仍然存在。 随着 免疫治疗的快速发展,基于程序性死亡-1 / 程序性死亡配体-1(PD-1 / PD-L1)阻断的免疫检查点抑制剂( ICIs)在中国取得突 破性进展,PD-1 抑制剂联合化疗已作为复发或转移性鼻咽癌(R/ M NPC)的一线治疗药物,同时免疫治疗在 LA-NPC 的治疗 中取得新突破,许多前瞻性临床研究正在进行中。 在本综述中,根据已发表的临床数据和正在进行的试验,全面概述 LA-NPC 免疫治疗的基本原理和重要研究成果,以期为临床实践和未来的临床研究提供见解。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC has an insidious onset and it exhibits a high degree of malignancy. More than 70% of the patients are in middle or advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis. Currently neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy CCRT is used as the standard treatment for locally advanced NPC LA-NPC . Although it has a good remission rate the risk of distant metastasis still exists in some patients. With the rapid development of immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors ICIs especially programmed death- 1 / programmed death ligand- 1 PD- 1 / PD-L1 blockade have made breakthroughs in China. PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have been used as the first-line treatment for recurrence and / or metastatic NPC R/ M NPC . Meanwhile immunotherapy has made new breakthroughs in the treatment of LA - NPC and many prospective clinical studies are underway. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of immunotherapy for LA-NPC patients and important research findings in immunotherapy in LA-NPC based on published clinical data and ongoing trials with the aim of providing insights for clinical practice and future clinical studies.