嘌呤能信号转导与许多生物过程有关,三磷酸腺苷和其他细胞外核苷酸作为内源性配体激活嘌呤能受体进行信号 转导,提示其在肿瘤治疗中的潜力。 在人类肿瘤组织和肿瘤细胞系中已发现多种广泛表达的嘌呤能受体,在炎症和缺氧肿瘤 环境中被细胞外三磷酸腺苷激活发挥关键作用,影响肿瘤细胞的代谢、增殖和转移。 具体来看,P2X 受体属于配体门控离子 通道类型,而 P2Y 受体则属于 G 蛋白偶联受体,这些受体的激活会影响细胞内钙离子浓度、细胞周期、细胞凋亡和细胞迁移等 关键生物学过程。 在不同类型的肿瘤中,不同的嘌呤能受体亚型展现出差异的表达和作用,如 P2X7 在神经母细胞瘤中促进 肿瘤细胞增殖,而 P2Y12 在胶质母细胞瘤中降低肿瘤细胞的克隆形成能力和迁移能力。 此外,嘌呤能受体的激活也影响了 肿瘤微环境中的免疫反应和治疗效果,针对不同嘌呤能受体亚型的药物可以影响肿瘤细胞的生长和转移,甚至增强免疫治 疗的效果。 本文综述多种嘌呤能受体的研究进展,详细讨论它们在不同肿瘤中的作用,深入理解其作为抗肿瘤药物靶点的 潜能。

Purinergic signaling is involved in many biological processes. Adenosine 5′ - triphosphate and other extracellular nucleotides act as endogenous ligands to bind and activate purinergic receptors for signaling and indicate their potential. A variety of widely expressed purinergic receptors have been found in human tumor tissues and tumor cell lines which are activated by extracellular ATP in inflammatory and hypoxic tumor environments and play a key role in affecting tumor cell metabolism proliferation and metastasis. Specifically P2X receptors belong to ligand - gated ion channels while P2Y receptors belong to G protein - coupled receptors. Activation of these receptors affects key biological processes such as intracellular Ca 2+ concentration cell cycle apoptosis and cell migration. In different types of tumors different purinergic receptor subtypes show different expressions and effects. For example P2X7 promotes tumor cell proliferation in neuroblastoma while P2Y12 inhibits tumor cell clonogenicity and migration in glioblastoma. In addition the activation of purinergic receptors also affects the immune response and therapeutic effect in the tumor microenvironment. Drugs targeting different purinergic receptor subtypes can affect the growth and metastasis of tumor cells and even enhance the effect of immunotherapy. This article reviewed the functional research progress of a variety of purinergic receptors and discussed their roles in different cancers and further understand its potential as a target for anti-tumor drugs.