恶性肿瘤的高死亡率和不良预后对肿瘤患者的术后健康构成了严重威胁。 传统的治疗方式主要包括手术、放疗和 化疗等,但患者术后仍然面临着肿瘤复发的风险,同时可能伴随不良的生活质量、受损的身体功能以及明显的焦虑和抑郁情 绪等一系列预后问题。 在这种情况下,运动疗法成为了肿瘤患者最易实施、最方便的预后改善措施之一,近些年的肿瘤康复 指南中多有提及运动疗法的重要性。 通过身体活动,一方面可以增强心肺功能和蛋白质合成,改善生理功能,并增加生理功 能储备;另一方面,有助于调节体内代谢和免疫平衡,创造对抗肿瘤的内部环境。 无论患者处于肿瘤围手术期、放化疗期 间,或伴随恶液质或肌肉减少症等疾病,运动疗法都是一种重要的康复方式。 选择科学合理的运动方案,控制适当的运动频 率和强度,可以显著改善患者的营养状态,帮助他们更好地完成抗肿瘤治疗,减少术后并发症的发生,提高生活质量,甚至延 长生存时间。 本文将综述运动疗法在肿瘤患者中的临床应用进展。

The high mortality and poor prognosis of malignant tumors pose a serious threat to the postoperative health of cancer patients. Traditional treatments such as surgery radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain essential yet patients still face risks of tumor recurrence post-surgery alongside potential adverse effects on quality of life compromised physical functions and significant anxiety and depression. In this context exercise therapy has emerged as one of the most accessible and convenient measures to improve prognosis for cancer patients. Recent oncological rehabilitation guidelines frequently emphasize the importance of exercise therapy. Physical activity enhances cardiorespiratory function and protein synthesis improves physiological skills and increases physiological reserves. Moreover it helps regulate metabolism and immune balance creating an internal environment conducive to combating tumors. Whether patients are in the perioperative period undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy or dealing with conditions like cachexia or sarcopenia exercise therapy is a crucial rehabilitative approach. By selecting scientifically sound exercise protocols and controlling appropriate frequency and intensity significant improvements in nutritional status can be achieved. This aids patients in better completing their anti - tumor treatments reducing complications improving quality of life and even extending survival. This review summarizes the clinical advancements of exercise therapy in cancer patients.