营养不良是恶性肿瘤常见的并发症,严重影响患者的生存和预后。 及时进行营养干预有助于改善预后。 然而,迄 今为止仍然没有营养不良诊断的“金标准”,这为临床工作中营养不良的诊断及干预带来困扰。 2018 年,全球四大营养学会共 同制订了全球领导人营养不良倡议(GLIM),以统一营养不良诊断的标准。 自发布以来,GLIM 标准在恶性肿瘤患者营养不良 的诊断过程中,诊断方法正逐渐明确、诊断条目亦逐步细化,GLIM 标准诊断的准确性、对临床结局的预测能力正在逐步得到 验证。 这些优点,使 GLIM 标准有成为营养不良诊断金标准的可能。 此外,改良版 GLIM 标准,以及基于 GLIM 标准的预后模 型也正在被逐步开发。 然而,如何利用 GLIM 标准指导临床营养治疗的研究有待进一步开展。 本综述系统回顾了 GLIM 标准 在恶性肿瘤营养不良患者中的应用,发现了其在临床应用中的一系列进展及不足,并对未来的应用做出展望,认为 GLIM 标准 在恶性肿瘤患者营养不良中有较高的应用价值。

Malignant tumors are one of the significant health issues faced by modern people. Malnutrition is a common complication of malignant tumors severely affecting the survival and prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. Timely nutritional intervention can help improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. However the absence of a universally accepted "gold standard" for diagnosing malnutrition continues to pose challenges in clinical practice leading to confusion in both diagnosis and intervention. In 2018 the four major global nutrition societies jointly developed the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition GLIM to unify the criteria for malnutrition. The diagnostic methods of GLIM criteria in the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors have been progressively elucidated since its release and the diagnostic items have been gradually refined. The various diagnostic entries of the GLIM criteria are being progressively refined and clarified and their accuracy in diagnosing malnutrition and their predictive ability for clinical outcomes are being gradually verified. These advantages give the GLIM criteria the potential to become the gold standard for malnutrition diagnosis. Furthermore improved versions of the GLIM criteria as well as prognostic models based on the GLIM criteria are also being gradually developed. However studies using the GLIM criteria as a diagnostic criterion for malnutrition and to guide clinical nutritional interventions need to be further developed. This review systematically reviewed the application of GLIM criteria in malnourished patients with malignant tumors found a series of progresses and shortcomings in its clinical application and made outlooks for future application and concluded that GLIM criteria are of higher value in the clinical application of malnutrition in malnourished patients with malignant tumors.