肿瘤是全球第 2 大死因。 最常见的肿瘤是乳腺癌、肺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌以及前列腺癌。 据估计,1 / 3 的肿瘤死亡与 吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、不健康饮食以及缺乏身体活动相关。 世界卫生组织估计,30% ~ 50%的肿瘤可以通过健康饮食习惯和避免 关键危险因素等措施预防。 食物中的某些成分对肿瘤的发生、发展具有重要影响。 因此,作为一种可改变的生活方式因 素,饮食与多种肿瘤的相关性得到多方研究和证实,尤其是如何通过饮食来预防肿瘤和改善肿瘤患者的预后。 同时,饮食是 多种成分的组合,饮食模式可以从整体上评估饮食质量,更好地考虑膳食成分之间的累加效应和复杂的相互作用。 本文回顾 了有关各种饮食成分代谢组学的研究和各种饮食模式对肿瘤影响的最新队列研究,探讨了各种饮食模式与肿瘤之间关系。 其中,地中海饮食、得舒饮食和健康的植物性饮食是较为推荐的健康饮食模式,饮食成分和质量对健康至关重要。 未来还需 要进一步的研究来探索不同饮食模式对亚洲人群肿瘤的影响。

Globally tumor is the second most common cause of death. Cancer accounted for around one in six fatalities globally in 2020. The most prevalent malignancies are those of the breast lungs colon rectal and prostate. An estimated one - third of tumor-related deaths are thought to be related to smoking drinking being obese eating a poor diet and not exercising. The World Health Organization estimates that 30%-50% of tumor cases could be prevented through measures such as healthy eating habits and avoidance of key risk factors. Certain components of food have an important impact on the multiple pathways of tumor development and progression. Thus research is being done on the relationship between diet and a range of tumors as well as how diet can both prevent tumor and enhance the prognosis of tumor patients. At the same time diets are combinations of multiple components and dietary patterns allow for a holistic assessment of diet quality that better takes into account the cumulative effects and complex interactions between dietary components. In addition to reviewing recent cohort studies on the impact of different dietary patterns on tumor this article also examines research on the metabolomics of different dietary components and offers insights into the possible connections between different dietary patterns and tumor. Among the more widely advised healthy eating patterns are the Mediterranean diet dietary approaches to stop hypertension and a healthful plant-based diet. Dietary components and quality are crucial for good health. The impact of various dietary patterns on tumor in Asian populations requires more research. In order to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of tumor this article reviews the effects of various dietary patterns on the development of tumor and their potential mechanisms such as the Mediterranean diet the western diet the plant-based diet dietary approaches to stop hypertension and the low-carb diet.