营养是抗肿瘤治疗的基石,饮食是营养治疗的基石,在五阶梯营养治疗中,饮食占据了第一、二阶梯,是营养治疗的 首选方法,具有高频、多样、经济、普适等特点。 合理的膳食可以为患者提供充足而均衡的营养素,提高机体免疫力,增加抗肿 瘤治疗的耐受性和连续性。 食物选择是复杂行为体系的一部分,是在生活习惯、文化、社会、经济、环境等多种因素的影响下 逐渐形成的,膳食教育需要运用干预策略帮助肿瘤患者了解膳食知识、改变饮食行为、促进机体健康。 肿瘤患者处在不同疾 病周期和治疗时期,其代谢特点会发生显著变化,对营养素的需求也不尽相同,全程而准确的膳食教育,可以使肿瘤患者在治 疗全周期内都实施符合其代谢特征和病理变化的膳食方案,是夯实肿瘤营养治疗基石的重要手段。 本文综述了肿瘤膳食教 育的相关理论、实施过程和具体内容,为医务工作者开展膳食教育提供了参考和指导。

Nutrition is the foundation of cancer therapy and diet is the foundation of nutritional therapy. In the five-step nutrition therapy diet occupies the first and second steps and is the optimal method which characterized by high frequency variety affordability and universality. A reasonable diet can provide patient with sufficient and balanced nutrients which can improve the immunological function promoting the tolerance and continuity of cancer therapy. Food choices are a part of the elaborate behavior pattern which gradually formed under the influence of lifestyle habits culture society economy and environment. Dietary education needs to employ behavioral intervention strategies to help cancer patients master dietary knowledge change dietary behaviors and promote well-being. Cancer patients experience a significantly metabolic changes during different disease stages and treatment periods resulting in varying nutritional needs. Comprehensive and accurate dietary education can enable cancer patients to follow dietary plans that align with their metabolic characteristics and pathological changes solidifying the foundation of nutritional therapy in cancer. This article reviews the relevant theories implementation processes and specific content of dietary education for cancer patients providing reference and guidance for medical staff to conduct dietary education.