谷氨酰胺在疾病防治中的应用

桑玉婷; 杨艳玲; 孙萌

doi:10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.03.002

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肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3) : 342-347. DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.03.002

专家论坛

谷氨酰胺在疾病防治中的应用

¹桑玉婷, ²杨艳玲, ³孙萌

作者信息 +

Applications of glutamine in disease prevention and treatment

¹Sang Yuting, ²Yang Yanling, ³Sun Meng

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

谷氨酰胺是人体内含量最丰富、用途最广的游离氨基酸,在能量代谢及维持机体健康中具有多种生理作用。正常生理情况下,谷氨酸和氨可在谷氨酰胺合成酶的催化下自行合成谷氨酰胺,在重度烧伤、创伤等高分解代谢状态下,谷氨酰胺内源性合成不足,成为条件必需氨基酸。作为肠上皮细胞和免疫细胞的重要能源底物,谷氨酰胺在保护胃肠道黏膜屏障完整性、调节机体免疫功能及抗氧化应激等方面发挥着关键作用,有助于治疗炎症性肠病,若不能及时补充或剂量不够,会造成重症患者死亡率升高。谷氨酰胺是治疗谷氨酰胺合成酶缺乏症的关键药物,对于线粒体病等部分遗传代谢病,谷氨酰胺有辅助治疗效果。本文系统探讨谷氨酰胺对谷氨酰胺合成酶缺乏症及线粒体功能障碍相关罕见病的治疗价值,阐述谷氨酰胺在严重创伤与烧伤、头颈部肿瘤放疗等相关口腔黏膜炎、择期胃肠手术围手术期、镰状细胞病、短肠综合征中的循证应用,以期为临床实践提供更新、更全面的循证参考。

Abstract

Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile free amino acid in the human body, playing various physiological effects in energy metabolism and the maintenance of health. Under normal physiological conditions, glutamine can be synthesized endogenously from glutamate and ammonia catalyzed by glutamine synthetase. However, in hypercatabolic states such as severe burns and major trauma, endogenous synthesis becomes insufficient, rendering glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid. As an important energy substrate for enterocytes and immune cells, glutamine plays a key role in protecting the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, modulating immune function, and mitigating oxidative stress. Glutamine is a key therapeutic nutrient for glutamine synthetase deficiency. For inherited metabolic disorders, such as mitochondrial diseases, glutamine demonstrates effective therapeutic effects. This article systematically explores the potential therapeutic value of glutamine in glutamine synthetase deficiency and rare diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reviews the evidence-based applications of glutamine in severe trauma and burns, radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer, the perioperative period of elective gastrointestinal surgery, sickle cell disease, and short bowel syndrome, aiming to provide updated and comprehensive evidence-based references for clinical practice.

导出引用

桑玉婷, 杨艳玲, 孙萌. 谷氨酰胺在疾病防治中的应用[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志. 2026, 13(3): 342-347 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.03.002

Sang Yuting, Yang Yanling, Sun Meng. Applications of glutamine in disease prevention and treatment[J]. Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer. 2026, 13(3): 342-347 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.03.002

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