系统性慢性炎症在糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝、肿瘤等代谢性疾病的发生、发展过程中扮演了重要角色, 而膳食是调 节机体炎症状态的重要因素之一。膳食炎症指数（DII）是近年发展起来的一种评估个体膳食的炎性潜能的工具，其与代谢性 疾病的关系研究资料日益增多。DII基于1950-2014年发表的关于膳食成分与炎症相关的文献，根据膳食成分对6个炎性分子 标志物：IL‐1β、IL‐4、IL‐6、IL‐10、TNF‐α和C反应蛋白的影响对文献评分，并依据建立的一个来自四大洲11个代表性国家和地 区的全球性食物和营养素比较数据库，衡量个体膳食中45种促炎或抗炎食物组分的摄入水平，获得个体最终DII评分。本文 就DII的建立、计分方法及其与心血管代谢性疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等常见代谢性疾病的关系研究进展进行综述。

Chronic systemic inflammation plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular metabolic diseases, diabetes, non⁃alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Diet is an important factor that regulates body′s inflammatory status. In recent years, a literature⁃derived, population⁃based dietary inflammatory index (DII) was developed to provide a tool that could be used to assess the inflammatory potential of an individual′s diet. A large body of research has thus recently emerged about the associations between the DII and the risk of metabolic diseases. The DII was based on the literature on dietary composition and inflammation published between 1950 and 2014. Articles were scored according to their effects on six inflammatory biomarkers: IL⁃1β, IL⁃4, IL⁃6, IL⁃10, TNF⁃α and C⁃reactive protein. According to a composite global database of foods and nutrients consumption from 11 representative countries on four continents, individuals′ intakes to be expressed relative to the range of intakes of the forty⁃five food parameters, then the final DII score were calculated. In this review, we summarize the development and scoring of the DII, as well as recent advances in understanding the relationship between the DII and metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular metabolic diseases, diabetes, and cancer.