肿瘤代谢重编程赋予了肿瘤细胞多个生存和进展竞争优势，其中一个重要的特征是有氧糖酵解Warburg效应引起 的乳酸生成增加。乳酸及其转运受体单羧酸转运蛋白（MCTs），尤其是MCT1和MCT4亚型在肿瘤和免疫细胞的生物活性中均 起着必不可少的作用。一方面，乳酸酸化的肿瘤微环境有助于肿瘤细胞的迁移、侵袭、血管生成和免疫逃逸，而MCTs作为乳 酸代谢的关键转运蛋白，在肿瘤细胞代谢适应、代谢共生、维持其代谢表型及恶性生物学行为中发挥重要作用；另一方面，乳酸 本身和MCTs介导的乳酸输出过程也影响免疫细胞的活性和分化。近几年，靶向乳酸代谢中MCTs的抑制剂似乎是肿瘤治疗 中有前景的手段，尽管免疫细胞可能会受到不同程度的影响，但整体上在逐步探索中已取得一些突破性进展。本篇文章主要 概述了乳酸及其转运蛋白与肿瘤和免疫微环境的相互作用，并探索了靶向乳酸代谢中MCTs的治疗策略。

Tumor metabolic reprogramming confers competitive advantages to its survival and progression, one of the important features being increased lactate production caused by the aerobic glycolytic, "Warburg" effect. Lactate and its transport receptors, monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), especially MCT1 and MCT4 subtypes, play an essential role in the biological activity of tumors and immune cells. On one hand, the tumor microenvironment acidified by lactate contributes to the migration and invasion of tumor cell, angiogenesis and escape to immune surveillance; and MCT1/4, as the indispensable porter of lactate, play an essential role in metabolic adaptations, metabolic symbiosis, and maintenance of the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells, as well as tumor malignant activities. on the other hand, lactate itself and the process of lactate transport mediated by MCTs also affect the activity and differentiation of immune cells. In recent years, inhibitors targeting MCTs in lactate metabolism seem to be promising means of cancer treatment, and although immune cells may be affected to varying degrees, some breakthroughs have been made in the gradual exploration as a whole. This article provides an overview of the relationship between lactate and its transporters with the tumor and immune microenvironment. It also explores the possibility of therapeutic strategies targeting MCTs in lactate metabolism.