有氧糖酵解是肿瘤细胞最重要的代谢特征之一，不仅能为肿瘤细胞快速提供能量，而且过程中产生的各种中间代谢 产物是其他多种代谢通路所必需的前体物质，可以为各种生物大分子的合成提供原料。更重要的是，肿瘤细胞的高通量糖酵解 产生高乳酸、低葡萄糖的代谢环境，能够帮助维持免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境。有氧糖酵解现象伴随着糖酵解相关的限速酶及转运 体的水平上调，最终导致葡萄糖的消耗增加以及乳酸分泌增加。靶向糖酵解基因的药物治疗能够抑制肿瘤的进展，并提高其他 治疗药物的敏感性。有氧糖酵解靶向治疗与其他治疗方法如免疫治疗、化疗等的联合应用是具有前景的肿瘤治疗方法。但是， 有氧糖酵解靶向治疗目前也存在两个困境：①肿瘤细胞本身的代谢异质性；②免疫系统在靶向糖酵解治疗过程中也会受到损伤。 本文就有氧糖酵解的各个靶点及其靶向药物在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展及其靶向治疗目前存在的困境展开综述。

Aerobic glycolysis, one of the most important metabolic features of tumor cells, can not only provide energy immediately, but also generate a number of glycolytic intermediates which are diverse biosynthetic precursors. More importantly, high flux of glycolysis causes the high⁃lactate, low⁃glucose metabolic environment which is conducive to maintain the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Aerobic glycolysis accompanied with the upregulated key enzymes and transporters which result in increased glucose consumption and lactic acid secretion. Targeting glycolysis⁃related gene can inhibit tumor progression and improve the sensitivity of other therapeutic medicine. The combination of targeted glycolysis therapy and other therapies such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy will be promising in tumor therapy. However, targeted glycolysis therapy has two main challenges: ① metabolic heterogeneity of tumor cells; ② the damage to the immune system. This article reviews the research progress of various targets and their targeted medicine of aerobic glycolysis as well as the difficulties of targeted glycolysis therapy.