自 2013 年 Katerina Tsilingiri 提出“后生元(postbiotics)”概念以来,其定义几经变革。 近期国际益生菌和益生元科 学协会(ISAPP)发表了共识声明,即对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/ 或其成分的制剂。 本文就后生元的制备技术、生物活 性和优势进行综述。 近年来,在常规后生元制备技术的基础上,涌现出技术联合、巴氏消毒法、超临界二氧化碳、脉冲电场等 新型技术,不仅如此,共生菌群的后生元制备技术也趋于成熟,并在临床应用中展现出一定的疗效。 大量文献证实后生元可 多维度地促进健康。 本文重点介绍后生元调节肠道菌群、保护胃肠黏膜、改善免疫稳态(包括提高机体免疫力和防治过敏性 疾病)、抑制炎症反应、对抗氧化应激、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、辅助肿瘤常规治疗、治疗神经精神疾病、调节代谢(包括降血糖、降 血脂等)等诸多功能,并试阐述其中可能的作用机制,以飨读者。 与活性益生菌相比,后生元在稳定性、安全性、无需定植、适 用性等方面具有更突出的优势,因此它具有明显的开发潜力和应用前景。

Since Katerina Tsilingiri proposed the concept of 􀆵postbiotics in 2013 its definition has undergone several changes. Recently the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics ISAPP issued a widely-accepted definition 􀆵Postbiotics is a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and / or their components that confers a health benefit on the host . This paper reviews its preparation techniques biological activities and characteristic advantages. In recent years based on conventional postbiotic preparation techniques new technologies such as technical association pasteurization supercritical carbon dioxide and pulsed electric field have emerged furthemore the postbiotic preparation techniques of symbiotic flora have become mature and the related products exhibited certain efficacy in clinical trial. A lot of literatures confirm that postbiotics enhance health in a multidimensional manner. This review highlights the functional properties of postbiotics such as regulating intestinal flora protecting gastrointestinal mucosa improving immune homeostasis including improving body immunity and preventing allergic diseases inhibiting inflammatory response antioxidant response inhibiting tumor cell proliferation assisting conventional tumor treatment treating neuropsychiatric diseases and regulating metabolism including hypoglycemia hypolipidemia etc. we also tried to elaborate the possible mechanisms on medical application and to share with the readers. Compared with active probiotics postbiotics have more obvious advantages in terms of stability safety colonization free and applicability which make them show more significant potential for development and prospects for application.