Celastrol is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine with extensive therapeutic properties and high medicinal value. It is commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and cancer. Celastrol can inhibit the occurrence and development of tumor through a variety of ways, especially closely related to tumor metabolism, and has an important impact on the metabolism of sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and tumor microenvironment of tumor cells. Celastrol causes mitochondrial dysfunction to alter the glucose metabolism pathway, resulting in insufficient energy supply to tumor cells； affects lipid metabolism in tumor hosts by inducing liver Sirt1 expression； inhibits the progress of colorectal cancer by inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) expression and tryptophan catabolism, controls pancreatic cancer by combining with IDO inhibitor D-1MT. In the tumor microenvironment, celastrol can treat melanoma by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammatory bodies and remodeling immunosuppression. According to the latest research, the high metabolism of intestinal flora can improve the efficacy of celastrol in the body, affecting the development of tumors. This review describes the main effects and mechanisms of celastrol on tumors from a metabolic perspective, providing a scientific basis for its in-depth study of pharmacological effects.
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